Corporate Social Responsibility Bp Leased A Rig From...

Corporate Social Responsibility In order to access the crude oil there, BP leased a rig from Transocean, the world’s biggest offshore drilling company. With more than 26,000 employees and a fleet of 136 vessels, Transocean operates in some 30 countries. BP also hired Halliburton, the second largest oilfield services company, to cement and seal off the well once drilling was complete. Halliburton employs more than 50,000 people and provides services in 70 countries. Considering overall strategic direction, then, it seems that continuing its deepwater oil exploration and production work in the Gulf will sustain profits and give BP a competitive advantage. Using Friedman’s analysis, we also need to ask whether the BP’s actions were legal.†¦show more content†¦According to deontological theory the consequence of an act is good, some acts are always wrong this actions are judged as ethical or unethical based on duty or the purposes of an actor. Deontologist Immanuel Kant argues that â€Å"the action which is objectively practical according to this law and excludes inclination from its determining grounds is called duty† (Kant, 1956, p. 83). However he argues that there are two types of duty hypothetical and categorical imperative. Hypothetical imperative is when individual perform certain action in order to achieve a desire and results. In the meantime categorical imperative is the basic principle to determine whether o ne’s actions is deemed to be ethical correct. According to Bowie, 1999 Kant suggest three maxims of categorical imperative. Initially, an action can only be considered as ethically correct if it can be accepted or made into universal law (Bowie, 1999). The second maxim stats that a person should be treated as an end and not the means to achieve an end (Bowie, 1999). Finally, the maxim calls upon each individual to act as a member of an ideal kingdom where he or she is both the ruler and the subject at the same time (Bowie, 1999). It could be argued that the BPs strategy was too risky which lead to higher

Evaluation Of A Good Performance Management System Essay

In order for a good performance management system to work every employee in the organization needs to understand what is expected of them, are focused on work that supports organizational goals and priorities. Organizations need to make sure that employees are properly rated and acknowledged for their contributions; and employees should know how their performance will be measured. It is a good idea for employees to participate in developing their performance objectives so that there is a mutual understanding of expectations from the beginning. Performance plans, including performance objectives are approved once managers have reviewed them and the plans are communicated to employees. Every performance management plan should be relevant and include measures that matter to the organization and clearly relate to the activity being measured. Measures should be understandable, clear, concise, and easy to comprehend, this includes the language used and the technical aspects of the measure such as the scale used in charts or selection of performance targets. Timely measures have statistics accessible frequently enough to have value in making decisions. Comparable measures have enough information to tell if performance is getting better, worse or staying about the same, they also provide a frame of reference or context to tell if current performance is meeting or exceeding expectations. Measures must be dependable have information that is supportable, free from bias, and anShow MoreRelatedImplementing a Performance Evaluation System1343 Words   |  6 Pages Implementing a Performance Evaluation System Job performance is one of the most important factor in both organizational psychology and human resource management, for the last decade there have been growing interest in the development of knowledge about performance measurements in organizations, researchers have covered a wide range of areas surrounding the subject, like identification of problems and different approaches to measure performance. In organizationalRead Moresustaining employee performance1675 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Sustaining Employee Performance Christina Ladach, Ryan Smith, Angela Villella, Stephanie Wickline, and Jesus Yanez HRM 300 September 22, 2014 Robert Lacey IV Sustaining Employee Performance There is usually a multitude of different positions within an organization. The different positions are determined by the size of the organization. While many positions may have similar characteristics when it comes to performance and compensation many are also at opposite ends of the spectrumRead MorePerformance Evaluation and Social Networking1294 Words   |  5 Pageswhere they stand, then the performance evaluation may be unnecessary. This statement could not be more absurd. The premise of the statement is that performance evaluation relates to the people performing the tasks, that the people can be trusted at their word (Oh yeah, Im doing well, boss.) and that performance evaluation has no other role than to determine employee rewards systems. Performance evaluation plays a much bigger role in the companys strategic system than merely setting pay andRead MoreHuman Resources Management– Case Study1421 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resources Management– Case Study Human resource management refers to a series of human resources policies and the corresponding management activities. These activities include corporate human resources strategy, employee recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation management, staff flow management, employee relationship management, employee safety and health management, etc. Namely: enterprise modern management method, is used to obtain (candidate)Read MoreFinancial Performance Of The Business Management1565 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial As the final results of the business management activities to be reflected by the financial situation of enterprises, so the enterprise financial evaluation methods as a fundamental evaluation system. BSC is not to deny the importance of setting financial data, but to correct may cause financial goals are not good achieveï ¼Å'due to too much emphasis on the traditional financial measures and ignore non-financial measure, making financial goals clearly, can better meet the need of enterpriseRead MoreEvaluation Of Evaluation And Performance Measurement907 Words   |  4 Pagesand Hawthorn (2012) second edition, Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement: An Introduction to Practice. Chapter 10 reviews performance measurements systems and how they are used, their effect and accountability. Evaluators and program managers and their connection is reviewed in Chapter 11. Additionally, how this connection is affected by the evaluation purpose and organizational contexts. Chapter 12 deals with the methodology of a good evaluation and points out that there has not been anRead MoreA Report On Tester Widget Inc. Performance Management1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this document is to establish and institute policies, procedures, and guidelines, delegate authorities and assign responsibilities regarding Tester Widget Inc. performance management. Tester Widget Inc. utilizes the pay-for-performance program. The pay-for-performance program, otherwise known as a pay pool, is one of the latest programs used to find out how to increase workforce motivation, job satisfaction, and production (Ibironke, Adeo, Hungbo, 2011 413-417). The focus of thisRead MoreOrganizational Behavior and Leadership Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagescontrolling aspect of management is the evaluation of the people that they are managing. The function of this process involves monitoring performance goals and has management taking corrective actions when necessary. Performance evaluatio ns can be described as the measurement of the performance of an employee related to defined measures, using an applicable performance goals and appropriate criteria that relates to the employees work in question. This paper will review the engineer’s evaluation in the givenRead MoreDeveloping a Performance Appraisal System1112 Words   |  5 Pagesraisal System Developing a Performance Appraisal System HSM/220 January 9, 2011 Dr. Karen Beard Developing a Performance Appraisal System Development of a performance appraisal system that is effective in a human service organization is of benefit for the organization and the employees. For a performance appraisal system to be effective, the system has to be strategic, designed to fit the specific needs of the organization, non-discriminatory, non-bias, with correct implementation and administrationRead MoreImpact of Reward System on Employee Performance1051 Words   |  5 Pages ERFORMANCE AND REWARD MANAGEMENT (DHRM 026) 2010 (2) From KeMUWiki Jump to: navigation, search FACULTY : BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT : BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION TIME : 2 HOURS [pic] INSTRUCTIONS Answer Question ONE and any Other TWO Questions [pic] Question 1 a) Define the term performance management. (5marks) b) Distinguish between Reward strategy and Reward policy giving examples of each. (15marks) c) Discuss the major components of reward management. (10marks) Question 2 a) As

Important Wealth Tax Cases Law for Ca Final Dt Nov 2011 Free Essays

Wealth Tax FOR NOV 2011 EXAM 2011 – TMI – 203374 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Rajiv Kumar. Versus Commissioner of Wealth Tax. Urban land – Agricultural land – the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Important Wealth Tax Cases Law for Ca Final Dt Nov 2011 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9. 2003 in W. T. A. No. 1 of 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala another – Decided against the assessee †¦. †¦.. 04. 1993 for charging the wealth tax? iii) Whether the order is sustainable by not appreciating that as per Article 246 r. w. List-1 of 7th Scheduled Item No. 6 the tax on the capital value of agricultural lands can not be levied by the Parliament and hence the interpretation rendered is unconstitutional? † Learned counsel for the assessee fairly states that the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. 9. 2003 in W. T. A. No. 1 of 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala another. Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed. A photocopy of this order be placed on the file of each connected case. 2011 – TMI – 203338 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth Tax. Versus S/Shri Kulbir Singh Rajinder Singh. Assets u/c 2(ea)- The appeal of the Revenue by ignoring that under the provisions of section 2(ea) of the Wealth-tax Act the urban land is included in the definition of ‘assets’ w. e. f. 01. 04. 1993 and on merits the value of such urban land was taxable – The Assessing Officer included the agricultural†¦. †¦.. with the judgment of the Full Bench of this Court. 5. On merits, view has already been taken in favour of the revenue by order passed today in W. T. A. No. 31 of 2010 Tara Singh v. Commissioner of Wealth Tax etc. 6. In view of judgment of Full Bench of this Court in M/s Varindera Construction Co. Baghapurana, we are of the view that the impugned order of the Tribunal cannot be sustained and the same is set aside. The matter is remanded to the Tribunal for fresh decision on merits. It is made clear that if the assessee is aggrieved by this order, they will be at liberty to approach this Court. The appeal is disposed of. 2011 – TMI – 203319 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Smt. Surinder Kaur. Versus The Commissioner of Wealth Tax another. Assets u/s 2(ea)- Agricultural Land of which agricultural operation were being carried out – Hence, the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. . 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala another – Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed†¦. †¦.. stantial question of law:- â€Å"i) Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was right in law in holding that the Section 2(ea) of the Wealth Tax Act would include the Agricultura l Land of the Appellant of which agricultural operation were being carried out? † Learned counsel for the assessee fairly states that the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. 9. 2003 in W. T. A. No. 1 of 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala another. Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed. A photocopy of this order be placed on the file of each connected case. 2011 – TMI – 203253 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth Tax. Versus S/Shri Kulbir Singh Rajinder Singh. Assets u/s 2(ea)- The Assessing Officer included the agricultural land falling under the definition of ‘Urban land’ and ‘asset’ under Section 2(ea) for assessment under the Act – CIT(A) deleted the addition – ITAT refused to entertain the appeal on the ground that amount is small – Held that: – the†¦. †¦.. ith the judgment of the Full Bench of this Court. 5. On merits, view has already been taken in favour of the revenue by order passed today in W. T. A. No. 31 of 2010 Tara Singh v. Commissioner of Wealth Tax etc. 6. In view of judgment of Full Bench of this Court in M/s Varindera Construction Co. Baghapurana, we are of the view that the impugn ed order of the Tribunal cannot be sustained and the same is set aside. The matter is remanded to the Tribunal for fresh decision on merits. It is made clear that if the assessee is aggrieved by this order, they will be at liberty to approach this Court. The appeal is disposed of. 2011 – TMI – 203386 – DELHI HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth-tax Delhi-VI Versus Motor General Finance Ltd. Assessement – (a) Whether on the facts and circumstances of this case, is it mandatory to issue notice under section 16(5) of the Wealth-tax Act before passing best judgment assessment in case where return was not filed pursuant to notice under section 16(4) of the Act? (b) Whether no notice unde†¦. †¦.. f the relevant year has gone through various rounds of litigation before the authorities below because of no fault of the revenue. 2. In view of our above discussion we answer question (a) in the negative that where return was not filed pursuant to notice under section 16(4) of the Act, no further notice was mandatory under section 16(5) prior to passing of best judgment assessment. We answer the second question in affirmative in the sense that where notice under sub-section (4) of section 16 had already been is sued, no notice was required to be issued in view of second proviso to section 16(5). Both the appeals are disposed of accordingly. 011 – TMI – 203069 – DELHI HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth-tax Versus. Motor and General Finance Limited U/s 17 of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957 – The assessee is in receipt of amount from various properties and had shown rental receipts of Rs. 6,14,36,188 (assessment year 1997-98) and Rs. 2,34,18,846 (assessment 1998-99) – The assessee had not filed the wealth-tax returns for these years and there being t†¦. †¦.. levant year has gone through various rounds of litigation before the authorities below because of no fault of the Revenue. 22. In view of our above discussion we answer question (a) in the negative that where the return was not filed pursuant to notice under section 16(4) of the Act, no further notice was mandatory under section 16(5) prior to passing of best judgment assessment. We answer the second question in the affirmative in the sense that where notice under sub-section (4) of section 16 had already been issued, no notice was required to be issued in view of the second proviso to section 16(5). Both appeals are disposed of accordingly. 2011 – TMI – 202991 – ALLAHABAD HIGH COURT Commissioner Of Income Tax Versus Late Sri Salekh Chand Through Legal Heirs Smt. Uma Rani Ors Whether asset to be assessed in the hands of each of the co-owners separately and not in the hands of A. O. P. – similar questions were referred in Wealth Tax Reference No. 134 of 1999 which were answered in affirmative i. e. in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue – matter remanded to Tribuna†¦. †¦.. ) (b) of the W. T. Act are applicable in this case rather than Section 21-AA? 3.? Assessment Years 1986-1987 and 1987-1988? re involved in all these references. 4. The counsel for the parties also state that similar questions were referred in Wealth Tax Reference No. 134 of 1999 which were answered in affirmative i. e. in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue on 12. 7. 2007. 5. In view of the answer given therein, we also answer the questions referred to us in affirmative i. e. in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. 6. Let our opinion be se nt back to the Tribunal for passing appropriate orders. 2011 – TMI – 203435 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth-tax Versus Shri Charanjit Singh (HUF) Agricultural land – beyond municipal limits – the land measuring 66 kanals 2 Maras is situated beyond the notified distance of 3 kms from municipal limit and as such it is not asset chargeable to wealth-tax with in the meaning of clause (ea) of section 2 †¦. †¦.. he CWT(A) and the Tribunal have concurrently recorded a finding of fact that the land in question was beyond the notified distance from the municipal limits, the fact remains that in the case of brother of the respondent-assessee, the revenue has accepted the finding of the CWT(A). . In view of above, we do not find any ground to hold the finding of the Tribunal to be perverse. The question No. 1 has, thus, to be answered against the revenue and in favour of the matter has been decided in favour of the assessee in the order mentioned above, the said question has also to be answered against the revenue. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed. 2 011 – TMI – 203105 – HIMACHAL PRADESH HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth Tax Versus. M/s. H. P. Small Industries Export Corp. Assets u/s 2(ea) – The assessee which is the State Small Industries and Export Corporation was allotted some land by the State – The assessee constructed sheds on this land and rented out the same to industrialists – The Assessee in its return of income included the rents received on account of t†¦. †¦.. never raised before any of the authorities below and further more we are of the view that the words of clause (iii) of Section 2(ea) indicate that the house to be exempt must be in the occupation of the ssessee for the purpose of any business or profession carried on by him. Keeping in view the language of the Section it cannot be said that the assessee was in possession through the tenants. In view of the above discussion, the questions are answered in favour of the Revenue and against the Assessee. The order of the Tribunal is set-aside and the order of the Assessing Officer as confirmed by the Commissioner (Appeal) is restored. No costs. GANESANRAMAN CA FINAL CHENNAI How to cite Important Wealth Tax Cases Law for Ca Final Dt Nov 2011, Essay examples

Cause and Effects of Baby Dumping free essay sample

Causes of Baby Dumping One of the causes of baby dumping is teenagers are lack of sex education. Most of the parents failed to inject the knowledge of sex into the mind of their children when their children were small. They feel shy or uncomfortable when their children ask them about sex. Besides that, parents always assume that their children will know everything naturally when they become adult. They are giving less response to those questions and less clear explanation to their children. Parents are less giving a clear view about sex and always claim that their children are too small to know about sex.Most of the schools are facing the same problems. They do not have sex education as a compulsory teaching subject in school. Teachers are also refused to give information of sex to their students because they think that giving sex education to students is not part of their jobs and most of them are having the same thinking as parents. They are failed to give students a correct thinking of sex. Therefore, children gain less information of sex. When they became teenagers, they started to feel curious about the differences between boys and girls.They felt curious about their boyfriends and girlfriends too. They tried to have sex with their partners because they would like to try anything that they never try before at this stage. Most of them have sex without using any safer tools such as condom to prevent pregnant. This shows that they are lack of sex education. Baby dumping usually happened on teenagers. Teenagers choose to dump their baby because they have no capability to grow their child on their own. Most of the teenagers are full time students and their daily expenditures are fully supported by their parents.Poor students do not have extra money to support a baby. Even though some of them work as a part time worker but their salary are very little and only can support their daily stuffs. Strong financially support is a must for grow up a baby. Having a baby is likes a burden to them. They need to take care of the baby, give love to the baby, support the daily expenditures of the baby and others. For those who are still a full time student, they have to do their school work and a lot of tuitions are waiting for them.So, they have less free time to really take good care for their baby. Also, they are lack of parenting skills. They failed to become a good parent. They do not know the correct way to feed the baby, bath the baby, or teach the baby. Therefore, teenagers failed to grow their baby with their own capability. Furthermore, high school students are too immature to fully understand the effects of free sex could have on their lives. So there is no doubt that another problem will be created because of that. For sure the problem is abortion and baby dumping.Panic of being pregnant unexpectedly, they take a risk to abort the baby before their family aware of the physical changes later on. Abortion is a risky action which can be fatal to the mother. But being in desperate situation like this, they cannot think rationally anymore. In addition, internet and multimedia which contain pornography and sexs video can be access with ease. Certain abuses take place. The easiness to widespread access pornography on internets and also through mobile phones. They can even watch on other technological gadgets like mobile phones, Ipad, PSP, without their parents knowing.The cyber sex which is getting a lot of attention especially from the teenagers-cannot of course prevent them from chatting in the web or engaging into cyber dates since the internet has proven its worth in terms of socialization and communication. Unwanted pregnancy also one of the cause of baby dumping. When unwed girls find themselves pregnant, afraid to tell their parents about unwanted pregnant and their don’t know what to do, so the best thing in their mind is throw out their baby’s without feel guilty. Moreover, family break-up or loose family relationships also considered a factor of baby dumping.Family break-ups happen after a long period of misunderstandings, fighting and unhappiness. Sometimes they happen suddenly and it is hard to understand why there needs to be change at all. Children are mostly affected by this kind of situation. If both their mother and father decided to a divorce and one cannot raise their child alone, tendency is that they will dump their child. This child will become homeless and found that they are alone. Also, the cause of baby dumping is the perpetrators didn’t get their family support.Once they tell their parents of their unexpected pregnancies, the family gets angry and started to blame the world about and questions how it happens. It is better be in the opposite way of thinking together how to help them, and provide the motivational e support that they need. Because at that stage,the pregnant woman are actually in the level of anxiousness to be charged guilty for their selves and their family. The anxiousness is actually identified as post-partum psychosis where the woman has change in their psycho ability that leads to act of baby dumping.Whereas some politicians think it causes conversely. Baby dumping happens because of perceptive of society to the mother that leads to them to abandon the baby. The society is not yet ready to be open-minded, they tend to have a very bad thought and perception towards the pregnant woman, makes them feel low, lost confidence to face the world, and in order to have it back, they decide to act repugnantly dump the baby. Baby dumping may also results from the families or the parents itself. The parents might be the kind of permissive parenting. Which they put very few attention on their children’s behavior.This kind of permissive neglectful towards their children, ignoring them, allowing them doing what they want until to the extent that the relationship become abusive. This will also cause the children, to be in over-freedom situation, and as they didn’t get the attention they seek, they switch to their partners. More, the cause of baby dumping is because uncontrollability. It is psychological factor that leads to stress. When stressful situation are unpredictable, the degree of stress will increase or in other word the greater the stress they faced, the less control a person has.This will result in baby dumping, which they cannot control to get rid of the baby because of the stress they faces. Effects of Baby Dumping Baby dumping brings the bad effect to the health of mother. Most of the teenagers are pregnant without the knowledge of their parents because they scare their parents will scold them or even force them to marry. In this case, they choose to dump their baby secretly. Some of them will give birth on their own, which is gives birth in a toilet and dumps their baby inside.This will increase the risk of death which is caused by non-stop bleeding in stomach because they do not have any medical tools help them to stop bleeding. Some of them will be infected by bacteria because they do not take any precaution steps before they give birth. In addition, abortion can cause psychological effects on the mental and emotions of mother or even affect the menstrual cycle. Mother will become weaker and weaker. Those innocent babies suffered a lot in the case of baby dumping. They face a higher mortality rate. They are abandoned since they were born.They do not know who are their parents, where are they from, or even who are they. They receive nothing from their parents. Some of their mother put them inside a plastic bag then throw them anywhere and let them die due to the lack of oxygen. Some of the parents even find many ways to kill their baby such as throw their baby from higher place. Those babies are pity and their parents just kill them without mercy. For individuals, cause by illegal way of aborting the child and left a bad effect on them because of the wrong path, they use to abort the baby just like herbs and alcoholic substances.So, the individual will have high risk of death caused by bleeding and infection on mothers wombs. Another way is dangerous and is not clean by inserting foreign objects into the womb. Women involved who do abortion without proper medical procedures take high risks facing death following infection and bleeding in the uterus. In addition, it is potentially experiencing bleeding in the stomach which can cause the woman unconscious or worse death. Womb also suffered injuries when doing an abortion because those who perform them are traditionally not qualified will use sharp objects such as wood, twigs or wooden sticks.Bleeding sometimes cannot be detected quickly, but take a long time. There are not aware of them until they bleed unconscious. Otherwise, the effects of abortion also can cause psychological effects on the mental and emotions after marriage, especially depression, especially when age is often thought of as the content is never removed. Dysphonic effects include experience in the womb, which raised pain more than experience during the menstrual process. Yet, the mother will have the biggest mental pressure from their family.It is because at that time most families will throw their daughters away instead giving them moral support. At that critical moment, when they have no support from families and society, plus the guilty feeling they felt, the easiest way to take themselves out from the moment is to commit suicide. As baby dumping leads to another problem like suicide, it will also cause a mental problem on the mother. After delivering time, is the most important moment where the mothers are in unstable post-partum psychosis. The mothers will feel anxious, pain as for they is still in refinement, and many more.Plus the support that they didn’t get from partners and family will make their mind goes idiotic or fanatical. Next, the perpetrators of baby dumping, if they found out to do so, are probably not welcome on the society anymore. The society has generalized perceptive on the perpetrators. The might been isolated, and therefore they will gain no trust from anyone, friends, neighbours, employer, and many more. The biggest effect of baby dumping is, if the baby luckily survived, they will not grow up in proper normal family.They might end-up at orphan home, which is never will be same as loving-structured family. This leads to many problems, as the child then are mostly grow up with low self confidence, behavioural or manner problems and also poor academic performance. As for the effects for society, It cause the abortion will be mimicked by others. most cases of baby dumping in the county are using the same way that removes a newborn baby into the trash. This shows there is replication of their cruel way to remove the baby into the the trash. The case has become wide. Negative views from society.

Music Publishing Business Report †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss and evaluate important contemporary topics in music publishing? Answer: Introduction Music publishing is a constantly evolving industry. From the ancient times to the present era music publishing has gone through numerous changes for a variety of reasons. On one side music is a primary form of an expression of art; since the dawn of civilization, music has been one of the most significant means by which cultures have defined themselves. On the other side, in the modern world, music is a commercial industry generating billions of dollars in revenues for singers, artists and music publishers and companies. The objective of writing this paper is to study the recent developments in the modern music industry. The music industry in todays world continues to adapt to the seemingly endless digital landscape and consumer usage trends. With the use of information technology, a lot of new opportunities have evolved for both the music creators and consumers, however piracy has a profound effect on the industry. A great deal of consolidation has occurred across all sectors of the business in the last years, but new players continue to emerge with inviting value proposals, adequately adding to the altering methods in which music is made and purchased. To present a general overview of the current state of the music industry, the industry will be categorized into its three major areas: recorded, published and live concerts. In analyzing some major issues which affects the music industry, we shall review how such developments affect the structure and performance of the industry. We will discuss the demand of customer, e-commerce role, issues of piracy and the importance of copyright. We will also study the response of artists and the changing situation of collection societies. The music industry has gone through a number of changes in the last few decades due to the substantial changes in technology. The ways in which music is composed, marketed and used today is different form the ways it was used to be years ago. The methods of making and stocking the music has undergone numerous changes from old to new formats such as the old records, the cassettes, the CDs and so on. These changes have led to significant structural changes throughout the industry's value chain. The music publishing industry has also experienced a downfall in the recent years, but after the decline, music publishers had began to diversify the channels of revenue in order to place deals with application makers, channel partners, streaming services, greeting cards, and other sources other than the traditional model. As a result, the music publishers have fared better since the last decade. The major players of the music industry like Sony, Universal have publishing divisions that accounts for one third of the net revenue, with a high revenue than the overall business of the company. The publishers are positioned to generate higher returns publishers are inherently positioned to generate higher returns on their investments than a recorded level. The publishers are limited to sell their music to the advertisers and broadcasters and they dont have to recover the large costs spent on the development, marketing and distribution of the music. With the use of information technology, the music publishing industry makes use of its profits in advertising and entertainment outside traditional deals are making the publishing sector more significant than ever. But these developments have not affected that much as compared to the potential long term impacts of the revolution in communications technologies on the music industry which began a decade ago. The digital revolution in music has given the ability to store musical sounds in digital formats, to make copies and produce them again using home PCs, and to transfer them over the internet is having significant effects on all people in the industry, from the composer and singer to the end user. The internet has provided two ways to access the music. One is downloading the music files which may be authorized (if the source or the owner of rights of the music, has allowed it for downloading against a payment or free of charge) or unauthorized, (if the file is downloaded without the owners approval or knowledge). An example of unauthorized access is the transfer of the music files via email or other means of memory storage devices. The other means of accessing music is through streaming on internet. Streaming may be interactive or non interactive. In interactive form the users have the ability to choose and select the music they want to listen or download and have the permission to store the music files on their home PC. In non interactive streaming the user is not able to choose the music of his choice. They can only listen to the music which is similar to the music broadcasting on the radio. This type of accessing music is also known as webcasting as the users listen to the music via web. The storage and transmission of music over the internet has been made easy by the introduction of MP3 format which is a program used to compress the size of music files in the digital form. The MP3 technology has made the music files quick and easy to transfer and store. The MP3 files do not require the dedicated system for sound production neither it needs any advanced systems for its transmission. MP3 files can be sent and received on the internet via ordinary telephone lines. Music and Brands The relation between music and brands is one of the most important factor as the the industry continues to develop and experiment with alternative revenue streams. The benefits of a music band relationship includes the increase in income and some free products or services, while the brand gets increased awareness and legitimacy among the artists fans. Unique Experiences Consumers have the choice to access the music from a never ending arrangement of options which differ from each in one or another way. Despite of the abundance in choice there exists scarcity of unique appeal or feelings of true connection with artists in both live and recorded music. The stakeholders in this industry could generate increasing revenues as they provide the consumers a more fulfilling experiences. They can offer their consumers a variety of music applications, tailored playlists and more exclusive content. Demand To study the structure and dynamics of the music industry it is necessary to understand the ways in which the music is consumed and how the tastes and lifestyle of the customers determine what type of music needs to be produced. As Negus (1996) said, the activities associated with consumption of music, and notions of an audience for music, are by no means straightforward. To begin with, an economic analysis of demand would emphasize the importance of price, the price of substitutes, and income as determinants of consumption patterns. The rising real incomes are directly associated with the increasing demand of music. Similarly, the technology directly affects the demand for music as it has made the availability and consumption of music easier than ever. For example, the portable MP3 players and music application in cellphones had made it possible for the consumers to listen music while walking, jogging or driving. Further, the availability of music on web has opened new possibilities of its consumption. The effect of internet on the consumer behaviour is difficult to predict as the evolution of market is still in its early stages. Even though the consumption of music via digital downloads is a rapidly growing segment it comprises only a small portion of the total demand for music. The effect of changes in technology on the demand pattern depends on the growth rate of personal computers and internet in households and the different substitutes of the access to music they need. Further, the use and effect of music on the consumer behaviour is increasing all the time. This functional music can be used to control the buying patterns of consumers in departmental stores, the eating habits of restaurant patrons and the productivity of employees in offices, shops and companies. It is a small but growing component in the overall demand for music. The technology has a significant role in the demand of the music. E commerce The internet provides a number of different online platforms for selling the music to the customers. It serves as a means of cutting costs in selling the traditional formats of music such as cassettes and CDs over the internet. It acts an a substitute for the record stores and inventories. The organizations like amazon.com and buymusic.com sells cassettes and CDs over the internet can keep costs low as they dont have to maintain the physical locations. When compared to the conventional retailers they offer instant access to the global market. As an alternative to the traditional retailing system internet also provides the delivery of products ordered online. The predictions to the growth of the e-commerce in the music is difficult to make and any precise forecast of the business may be wrong. Despite of some problems in the online selling organizations development of the online market for music is on the rise and it will continue to grow in the long term. The new market may praise th e current configurations in the music economy. For example some websites offer free MP3 downloads to promote the artists and their websites. Moreover, as Leyshon (2001, p. 73) argues: As the music record companies continues to work on their problems with the digital distribution of music and they may find resistance on the part of consumers reluctant to stop the process of music consumption which involves maintaining a physical collection of recordings. For such customers the collection of music files on a directory may not be seen as an acceptable substitute to the collection of music in physical form. Increasing Piracy The piracy of music and videos cost the music industry a huge losses in revenue every year. The efforts to overcome the problem through strict copyright regimes have been only partially successful. When copyright regimes are lax or nonexistent, it is a relatively easy matter for pirated copies of music recordings to find a market. Even in a country like US where the copyright laws are supposed to be strictly implemented, the piracy sales during the 1990s were found to be 27 million units which valued at $US280 million. The pirated sale in the year 2000 amounted to 1.8 billion units worldwide valued at around $US4.2 billion. The major regions affected with piracy were being Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa and Latin America. The new copyright laws have been made for piracy in some countries like South Korea and Thailand, however due to the absence of any national law against piracy in other countries the music publishers and record companies are not able to get proper ret urns. Importance of Copyright Copy right law guards the music industry against the threats of piracy. Copyright grants the artists certain exclusive rights to their creative work for a certain period of time. In the early years the music industry, the copyright law was imposed to protect the exclusive rights of the authors to copy their works, such as music sheets and sound recordings. In todays era of technology where the copies of any content can be easily generated, many organizations have questioned a Copy-Based system of rights and expect a Use-Based system of rights that they consider more appropriate. Further, there is lack of a global copyright system and a centralized authoritative database which can identify the musical works and the owners of the rights associated with them. This presented a problem for the shareholders in the music industry and anyone wishing to license musical works or wants to do business with the industry, as all parties would benefit by a streamlined identification and licensing r egime. Role of Artists The technologies discussed offer both the opportunities and challenges to the artists. Many songwriters and musicians have found it more creative to use computer softwares to compose and produce the music. Even the distribution of music have been transformed on the online e-commere websites. Many music companies and artists have set up their own websites and they offer free downloads of their music in the first instance. With the increasing number of artists in the music industry some of them wanted to take over the production and the distribution of music on their own and dont want to be affiliated to a record company. This way of entry in the market proves to be relatively cheap and it opens up a virtually unlimited audience potential, chances of success in this way are relatively low. In these circumstances there is still the requirement of a consolidating element in the market, whether it is a record label, a commercial agent, an internet music portal, or whatever, to provide a c ollective channel for artists unable to make make it on their own. Collection societies The collection society associated with the music industry is a type of licensing body which grants rights on behalf of multiple rights holders in a single blanket license for a single payment. The rights holders join a collecting society as members and instruct it to license their rights. The collecting society charges a fee for the license, from which it deducts an administrative charge before distributing the remainder as royalties. Collecting societies are regulated with codes of practice that require them to adhere to certain minimum standards when dealing with their members and licensees. Copyright works can come in a number of different forms for example books, newspapers, pictures or music. There is usually one collecting society per sector which may be able to offer a collective license. Conclusion A complex challenge is at hand in the digital music paradigm to find business models that satisfy all parties involved. Rightfully so, all music industry stakeholders want to be compensated fairly, while a growing proportion of consumers increasingly demand a better music experience, and expect music to be available in a wide range of formats, easy to access across multiple devices, and free. As circumstances in the music ecosystem are incredibly varied and diverse, there may not be a paramount solution for the entire industry, but the ongoing facilitation of ideas and concerns is indispensable in working towards desirable circumstances for everyone. Technology and platforms will continue to improve, and hopefully alongside them, consumer satisfaction. References : The New Songwriter's Guide to Music Publishing - Randy Poe - Google Books. 2015. The New Songwriter's Guide to Music Publishing - Randy Poe - Google Books. [ONLINE] Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qXTlenp0pzACpg=PT11lpg=PT11dq=principles+of+music+publishingsource=blots=eQdNFuJ4Uosig=f2XLXjParp9nx8LiPuLIsVtr0f8hl=ensa=Xei=xBZjVYjIEqXLmAXmkIGoAQved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=true. [Accessed 26 May 2015]. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://rethink-music.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/RethinkMusic2013FramingPaper.pdf. [Accessed 26 May 2015]. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://simpsons.com.au/wp-content/uploads/role-of-collecting-societies.pdf. [Accessed 26 May 2015]. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at:https://storage.globalcitizen.net/data/topic/knowledge/uploads/20100129121642525.pdf. [Accessed 26 May 2015].

Attributes of Criminal Justice

Attributes of Criminal Justice Ku Klux Klan PAGE 1Attributes of Criminal OrganizationsIntroductionThe Ku Klux Klan is and always has been a whites-only organization that is philosophically dedicated to the separation of groups based upon their racial origin. The organization was however, not enough to be simply white to me; a member of the Ku Klux Klan, the organization unilaterally rejects any members of communist or socialist organizations. White people of Jewish origin are steadfastly rejected based upon the belief that Jews are responsible for the death of Jesus Christ and Roman Catholics were also excluded from membership prior to 1952.HistoryThe name Ku Klux Klan evolved from the Greek word kuklos, which means circle. The circle is one of the oldest symbols of history in the history of humankind. The Ku Klux Klan also purports the circle as a sign of special creativity. The Ku Klux Klan calls itself "the oldest American civil rights organization."English: William Joseph Simmons, founder of the se...The grou p was founded in 1866, only one year after the end of the Civil War, by former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest in Pulaski, Tennessee. The Ku Klux Klan began as nothing more than small groups of southern post civil war malcontents, who were on a mission to cause as much mischief as possible since losing the civil war. Initially not many took them seriously and the group was basically ignored. The first era of the Ku Klux Klan was short lived, only lasting until 1871 when then President Grant effectively eliminated the organization.One of the most feared groups, the Ku Klux Klan, has seen and survived generations and generations of negativity. The Klan's history, structure, operation, activities, and participants will be presented throughout the paper as well as what can be done by law enforcement in order to control the Klan.

Angelas ashes essay Essays

Angelas ashes essay Essays Angelas ashes essay Essay Angelas ashes essay Essay Among those who the family looks to for help in Aunt Aggie, the miserly sister of Franks mother, Angela. Aunt Aggie, like many of the family members and neighbors we meet in the book, becomes a parent-like figure to young Frankie and his even younger siblings, but a habitually cruel and unsympathetic one at that. Upon meeting Aggie we quickly realize that she is resentful of the McClure children, and even more so their father, Malay, for being an irresponsible father and husbands who fails to provide for his family and puts their troubles in her hands. When the Monocots move to Limerick to be close to Emily in Ireland, Aggie barks and complains about how inconvenient it is for her to have her sisters family so close by and always asking for favors (e. G. Sleeping at Grandmas for the night and having some of her porridge). At one point, when Angela becomes very ill, Frankie even says that he is afraid to ask his aunt whether or not his mother would die like his baby sister because she would bite his head off (Page 62). While in these first few chapters Aunt Aggie seems cold hearted, it doesnt take long to realize that in reality, she is jealous of Angels family, even with all their troubles. All she wants is to be blew to call these children her own, though she hardly shows it through her actions towards them. When she sees her husband, pa Keating, holding Frankers baby brother, Eugene, on his lap and playing with him Aggie begins to sob, To see Pa there with a child on his lap an me with no hope of having my own Angela with five born an one just gone an her so useless she couldnt scrub a floor an me with none an I can scrub an clean with the best and make any class of a stew or a fry (Page 73). Though Aggie never gives up her rude and unpleasant disposition, she proves her loyalty to the family by helping them through tough times. Further, while Aunt Aggie obviously never assumes the role as the mother of Frank and his siblings, inhabit maternal qualities and roles. When Eugene and Oliver, Franks younger twin brothers, die of pneumonia she is there to help prepare for the funerals. On a separate occasion, Aunt Aggie takes the McClure children under her roof and cares for them while their mother was being hospitalized for pneumonia. Prior to living with Aunt Aggie, the McClure boys and their mother were so plagued with poverty and hunger that the children had been forced to steal bread, lemonade, marmalade, and fuel from wealthier families just to survive. Aunt Aegiss house was a place where they could always be fed, though they were not indulging in the ham sandwiches and tomatoes, those were only for Aggie and Uncle Pa; instead, Frankie and his younger brothers were given thinly sliced bread and tea. Though Aunt Aggie took her sisters sons under her wing- housing them, feeding them, clothing them- in a desperate time of need, the way she treated these boys was at times traumatic. Aggie often abuses the children both verbally and physically. She losses her temper and ends up screaming at them, tormenting them, calling Frankie Scabby eyes and telling him [Youre] he spitting image of your father, [you have] the odd manner And so on (Page 247). She often beats them, forces them to stand outside naked, cold, and wet, makes them to scrub their bodies until their skin is raw. At one point, Frankie becomes so miserable that he tries to give himself pneumonia so that he can escape Aunt Aggie and live in the hospital. Malay runs away after being beaten for asking for bread, to which Aggie responded Well, I suppose he ran away. Good riddance. If he was hungry hed be here. Let him find comfort in a ditch. (Page 248). In a shocking turn of events, Aunt Aggie begins to show a real soft side award Frankie when he asks to move back in with her so that could better maintain a job as a telegram boy. He says he wants the job so that he can get on his feet and find a decent place for his family to live where he can care for his mother and brothers. Aggie responds by saying Well, thats more than your father would do. (Page 308). Aggie then proceeds to accompany Frank on his walk to the job interview, she buys him new and more presentable clothes that he can wear for the job, and gives him money for a birthday snack. Believe that Aunt Aegiss change of heart comes from the fact that he realized Frankers determination at such a young age to do better than his father; Frank wished to work and provide for his family rather than spend the money selfishly and rely on others to take care of his family for him. Frank Monocots Angels Ashes sheds a light on family values through multiple lenses, however believe the relationship between Aunt Aggie, Frank, and the other Monocots exemplifies the idea that family, at times, is truly all you have to count on, especially in times of hardship. Aunt Aggie, who seemed cold-hearted throughout almost the entire book, was really just tired f being taken advantage of by fault of Malay Sir. Who habitually dragged his family deeper and deeper into poverty, and forced them to live off the resources of Aunt Aggie, along with other family members and neighbors. While her resentment of Malay does not in any way justify the way she treated the children prior to their ability to work and at least partially provide for themselves, her cruel attitude Stems not from hatred Of the children, but jealousy for having a big family, bitterness that she has to take care of children who she cannot call her own, and fear of being taken advantage of.